Dampak Alih Fungsi Lahan Karet Menjadi Lahan Kelapa Sawit terhadap Ekonomi Petani di Kecamatan Sungai Gelam

Fajar Romadon; Zulgani Zulgani; Nurhayani Nurhayani

doi:10.61132/menawan.v4i3.2240

Authors

Fajar Romadon Univeirsitas Jambi
Zulgani Zulgani Univeirsitas Jambi
Nurhayani Nurhayani Univeirsitas Jambi

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61132/menawan.v4i3.2240

Keywords:

Capital, Income, Location, Market, Working Hours

Abstract

This research aims to analyze: (1) the general characteristics of farmers who convert rubber land to oil palm plantations in Sungai Gelam District, and (2) the economic impact of this land conversion, particularly on farmers’ income. This study uses a quantitative approach with survey data collected from rubber and oil palm farmers. The results show that there are notable differences in farmer characteristics, including capital, labor use, and market access. The average income difference between rubber and oil palm farmers is IDR 2,712,000, indicating higher earnings from oil palm cultivation. Based on the BNT test, with a value of IDR 405,000, the average income difference exceeds the threshold, confirming that the difference is statistically significant. Furthermore, the calculated F value is greater than the F table value, which strengthens the conclusion that there is a significant difference in income between rubber and oil palm farmers. Therefore, land conversion contributes positively to farmers’ income improvement.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Afrizon, Ishak, A., Fauzi, E. I., Miswarti, Rosmanah, S., & Sastro, Y. (2021). Patterns and causes of conversion of smallholder rubber plantation to oil palm (case in Batik Nau sub district, Bengkulu Utara Regency). E3S Web of Conferences, 306, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130602020

Akmal, M., Rahman, B., Zulhilmi, Z., Irfan, I., & Muzaffarsyah, T. (2023). The economy of oil palm smallholders in post-conflict Aceh. Mimbar: Jurnal Sosial dan Pembangunan, 39, 63–70. https://doi.org/10.29313/mimbar.v39i1.2080

Anam, H. (2020). Pendapatan usahatani karet rakyat di Desa Bukit Bumi Raya Kecamatan Singkut Kabupaten Sarolangun [Skripsi, Universitas Batanghari Jambi].

Andi, S. (2013). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pembangunan sektor pertanian dan implikasinya terhadap kesejahteraan petani di Provinsi Lampung. Jurnal Ekonomi, 2, 87–141.

Applegate, G., Chokkalingam, U., & Suyanto. (2001). The underlying causes and impacts of fires in South-East Asia. CIFOR.

Astuti, U. P., Wibawa, W., & Ishak, A. (2011). Faktor yang mempengaruhi alih fungsi lahan pangan menjadi kelapa sawit di Bengkulu: Kasus petani di Desa Kungkai Baru. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Budidaya Pertanian, 7, 189–195.

Badoa, M. D., Kapantow, G. H. M., & Ruauw, E. (2018). Faktor-faktor penyebab alih fungsi lahan pertanian di Kecamatan Tomohon Selatan Kota Tomohon. Agri-Sosioekonomi, 14, 195–204. https://doi.org/10.35791/agrsosek.14.2.2018.20583

Bakce, R., & Mustofa, R. (2021). Kesempatan kerja dan kelayakan ekonomi usaha perkebunan kelapa sawit rakyat di Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu. Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian, 2, 2213–2220.

BPS. (2020). Perekonomian Indonesia. BPS.

Dalimunthe, H. A., Prihanto, P. H., & Achmad, E. (2021). Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi karet di Kecamatan Jaluko Kabupaten Muaro Jambi (studi kasus Desa Muhajirin). Jurnal Ekonomi Sumberdaya dan Lingkungan, 10, 81–90.

Dewi, I. R., & Darmastuti, S. A. (2022). Agroforestry analysis of mixed oil palm on environmental and economic impacts in Muara Tabir District, Tebo Regency, Jambi Province. Journal of Global Environmental, 3, 56–63.

Djaja, B., Altina, & Intan, N. (2023). Converting the function of rubber plantation land to housing in Way Kanan, Lampung (field study at Transmedika Residence, Way Tuba District). Sociology Jurisprudence Journal, 6, 88–92.

Erniwati, Zuhud, E. A. M., Anas, I., Sunkar, A., & Santosa, Y. (2017). Independent smallholder oil palm expansion and its impact on deforestation: Case study in Kampar District, Riau Province, Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 23, 119–128.

Euler, M., Schwarze, S., Siregar, H., & Qaim, M. (2016). Oil palm expansion among smallholder farmers in Sumatra, Indonesia. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 67, 658–676. https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-9552.12163

Fadilah, N., Riani, I., & Irada, S. (2023). Factors affecting the transfer of function of people's rubber plant to oil palm plant in Harum Sari Village, Tamiang Hulu District, Aceh Tamiang District. Jurnal Mahasiswa Agribisnis, 2, 58–68.

Faust, H., Schwarze, S., Beckert, B., Brümmer, B., Dittrich, C., Euler, M., Gatto, M., Hauser-Schäublin, B., Hein, J., Holtkamp, A. M., Ibanez, M., Klasen, S., Kopp, T., Krishna, V., Kunz, Y., Lay, J., Mußhoff, O., Qaim, M., Steinbach, S., … Wollni, M. (2013). Assessment of socio-economic functions of tropical lowland transformation systems in Indonesia. EFForTS Discussion Paper Series, 9, 1–24.

Gatto, M., Wollni, M., & Qaim, M. (2015). Oil palm boom and land-use dynamics in Indonesia: The role of policies and socioeconomic factors. Land Use Policy, 46, 292–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.03.001

Hai, T. C., Ng, A., Prudente, C., Pang, C., Teik, J., & Yee, C. (2001). Balancing the need for sustainable oil palm development and conservation: The Lower Kinabatangan floodplains experience. ISP National Seminar, 12, 1–53.

Haris, A., Subagio, L. B., Santoso, F., & Wahyuningtyas, N. (2018). Identifikasi alih fungsi lahan pertanian dan kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat Desa Karangwidoro Kecamatan Dau Kabupaten Malang. Media Komunikasi Geografi, 19, 114–120. https://doi.org/10.23887/mkg.v19i1.13967

Hasibuan, A. Y. P., Khairunnisyah, & Hendrawan. (2020). Analisis konversi lahan karet menjadi lahan kelapa sawit di Desa Parmainan Kecamatan Hutaraja. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian, 8, 149–157.

Irpandi, A. (2021). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penerimaan petani karet (Hevea brasiliensis) di Desa Sekernan Kecamatan Sekernan Kabupaten Muaro Jambi [Skripsi, Universitas Batanghari Jambi].

Jambi, D. P. P. (2022). Luas lahan dan produksi perkebunan kelapa sawit Provinsi Jambi 2016–2020. Dinas Perkebunan Provinsi Jambi.

Malthus, T. (2023). An essay on the principle of population. Dalam British Political Environment Long Nineteenth Century (hlm. 79–84). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003194651-15

Mardinata, Z. (2013). Mengolah data penelitian menggunakan program SAS. Rajawali Pers.

Mehraban, N., Kubitza, C., Alamsyah, Z., & Qaim, M. (2021). Oil palm cultivation, household welfare, and exposure to economic risk in the Indonesian small farm sector. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 72, 901–915. https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-9552.12433

Novikarumsari, N. D., Adeilia, N., Oktadianti, R. Q., Asyifa, M., Prawira, D. G., Yusvianto, A. G., & Setyawan, S. A. K. (2020). Strategi nafkah petani terhadap alih fungsi lahan pertanian. Jurnal AGRISEIP: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis, 19, 99–108. https://doi.org/10.31186/jagriseip.19.1.99-108

Nurpita, A., Wihastuti, L., & Andjani, I. Y. (2017). The impact of land conversion on income and food security status for farmer households in 5 villages in Temon Sub-District, Kulon Progo District. JKAP (Jurnal Kebijakan dan Administrasi Publik), 21, 180. https://doi.org/10.22146/jkap.28199

Pratama, B. C. J. (2017). Dampak pengalihan penggunaan lahan pertanian terhadap kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat Kabupaten Jember [Skripsi, Universitas Jember].

Prihatin, R. B. (2016). Alih fungsi lahan di perkotaan (studi kasus di Kota Bandung dan Yogyakarta). Jurnal Aspirasi, 6, 105–118.

Qaim, M., Sibhatu, K. T., Siregar, H., & Grass, I. (2020). Environmental, economic, and social consequences of the oil palm boom. Annual Review of Resource Economics, 12, 321–344. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-110119-024922

Razaq, A., & Rahman, F. (2017). Pengaruh aglomerasi industri terhadap ketersediaan lahan permukiman. Media Komunikasi FPIPS, 16, 11–15.

Saeri, M. (2018). Usahatani dan analisisnya (H. Subagyo, Ed.). Uninda Press.

Santoso, B., Lestari, W., Rizal, K., & Harahap, F. S. (2022). Converting the function of rubber to palm oil plantation to improve the economy of the community in Kampung Dalam Village, District of Bilah Hulu, District of Labuhanbatu. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal, 5, 12452–12461.

Sari, M., & Silalahi, F. R. L. (2022). Analisis usahatani integrasi sapi-sawit di Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Provinsi Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. Agro Bali: Agricultural Journal, 5, 144–155.

Sari, R. (2020). Analisis alih fungsi lahan terhadap pendapatan masyarakat ditinjau dari perspektif ekonomi Islam [Skripsi, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung].

Sari, R. W. S. W. S., & Yuliani, E. (2022). Identifikasi dampak alih fungsi lahan pertanian ke non pertanian untuk perumahan. Jurnal Kajian Ruang, 1, 255. https://doi.org/10.30659/jkr.v1i2.20032

Saswattecha, K., Hein, L., Kroeze, C., & Jawjit, W. (2016). Effects of oil palm expansion through direct and indirect land use change in Tapi river basin, Thailand. International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management, 12, 291–313. https://doi.org/10.1080/21513732.2016.1193560

Schwarze, S., Gatto, M., Kunz, L., Lay, Y., Moser, J., Otten, O., Qaim, F., Soetarto, M., Steinbach, E., Trapp, S., & Faust, H. (2015). Rubber vs. oil palm: An analysis of factors influencing smallholders' crop choice in Jambi, Indonesia. EFForTS Discussion Paper Series, 11, 1–29.

Setiawan, D. S., & Andoko, A. (2008). Petunjuk lengkap budi daya karet. AgroMedia Pustaka.

Simanjuntak. (2018). Analisis pendapatan usahatani karet di Kabupaten Muaro Jambi. Jurnal Program Studi Agribisnis Fakultas Pertanian, 2, 1–12.

Srisunthon, P., & Chawchai, S. (2020). Land-use changes and the effects of oil palm expansion on a peatland in Southern Thailand. Frontiers in Earth Science, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.559868

Sudrajat, J., Suyatno, A., & Oktoriana, S. (2021). Land-use changes and food insecurity around oil palm plantations: Evidence at the village level. Forest and Society, 5, 352–364. https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v5i2.11376

Sugiyono. (2011). Metode penelitian kuantitatif kualitatif dan R&D. Alfabeta.

Sumarga, E., Hein, L., Hooijer, A., & Vernimmen, R. (2016). Hydrological and economic effects of oil palm cultivation in Indonesian peatlands. Ecology and Society. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-08490-210252

Syahza, A. (2019). The potential of environmental impact as a result of the development of palm oil plantation. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 30, 1072–1094. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEQ-11-2018-0190

Syamsafitri, Gunawan, I., Rambe, R. D. H., Dalimunthe, M., & Nurhayati, N. (2023). Conversion of rubber land into palm oil and its effect on production in North Sumatra. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9, 1503–1511. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i3.3349

Tandaju, R. P., Manginsela, E. P., & Waney, N. F. L. (2017). Dampak alih fungsi lahan pertanian cengkeh terhadap kondisi sosial ekonomi petani (studi kasus petani pemilik lahan di Kelurahan Kumelembuai Kecamatan Tomohon Timur). Agri-Sosioekonomi, 13, 63–74. https://doi.org/10.35791/agrsosek.13.3a.2017.18017

Umanailo, M. C. B. (2016). Marginalisasi buruh tani akibat alih fungsi lahan (Cetakan I). FAM Publishing.

Wahyudi, A., Tan, S., & Hidayat, M. S. (2022). Strategi pengembangan perkebunan kelapa sawit di Provinsi Jambi. Jurnal Paradigma Ekonomi, 17, 31–44.

Wahyuningtiyas, M. E. (2022). Dampak alih fungsi lahan terhadap ekonomi petani muslim di Gerbang Taman [Skripsi, Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember].

Wardana, S. T., Tanzerina, N., & Afrianti, S. (2022). Produksi lateks karet (Hevea brasiliensis Mull. Arg.) pada pemberian stimulan organik dari beberapa jenis ekstrak kulit buah klimaterik. Sriwijaya Bioscience, 3, 27–32. https://doi.org/10.24233/sribios.3.1.2022.351

Wibowo, W. H., & Junaidi, A. (2017). Replanting of palm oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Seruyan Estate, Minamas Plantation Group, Seruyan, Central Borneo. Buletin Agrohorti, 5, 107–116.

Wijaya, A., Maharani, E., & Arifudin, A. (2023). Factors influencing rubber land conversion to oil palm in Benting Hulu Village, Mempura District, Siak District. Jurnal Ilmiah Sosio-Ekonomika Bisnis, 26, 24–32. https://doi.org/10.22437/jiseb.v26i01.22979

Wiyanto, W., & Kusnadi, N. (2013). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas karet perkebunan rakyat (kasus perkebunan rakyat di Kecamatan Tulang Bawang Tengah Kabupaten Tulang Bawang, Lampung). Jurnal Agribisnis Indonesia, 1, 39–58.

Zahri, I., Wildayana, E., Ak, A. T., Adriani, D., & Harun, M. U. (2019). Impact of conversion from rice farms to oil palm plantations on socio-economic aspects of ex-migrants in Indonesia. Agricultural Economics (Czech Republic), 65, 579–586. https://doi.org/10.17221/349/2018-AGRICECON